This video shows Complete Hydatidiform Mole, also called Molar Pregnancy.
Hydatidiform mole is a common complication of pregnancy. It consists of a nonviable embryo that implants and proliferates within the uterus.
Mostly painless vaginal bleeding during the second trimester of pregnancy is seen. They are diagnosed by ultrasound imaging. Extremely high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are suggestive, but not diagnostic, of molar pregnancy.
A hydatidiform mole is a pregnancy in which the placenta contains grapelike vesicles (small sacs) which are visible to the naked eye. The vesicles arise by distention of the chorionic villi by fluid. When examined under the microscope, hyperplasia of the trophoblastic tissue is noted.
Hydatidiform mole: It is a tumor that forms in the uterus as a mass of cysts resembling a bunch of grapes. Hydatidiform moles appear during the childbearing years, and they do not spread outside the uterus. A malignancy called choriocarcinoma may start from a hydatidiform mole.
A pelvic ultrasound scan will show the presence of tissue inside the uterus, with the characteristic snowstorm appearance of a molar pregnancy. The scan may be performed via the abdominal scan or the vagina.
Ultrasound scanning shows a honeycomb pattern produced by the numerous vesicles. As they enlarge the image is described to look like a snowstorm, which is due to swollen cysts with bleeding into the uterus. The ovaries are often seen to contain large cysts.
Mostly, a hydatidiform mole is an abnormally fertilized egg that develops into a hydatidiform mole rather than a fetus (a condition called molar pregnancy). Hydatidiform moles are most common among women under 17 or over 35. In the United States, they occur in about 1 in 2,000 pregnancies.
Who is at risk for molar pregnancy?
The risk of complete molar pregnancy is highest in women over age 35 and younger than 20. The risk is even higher for women over age 45. But age is less likely to be a factor for partial moles. For choriocarcinoma, the risk is lower before age 25 and then increases with age until menopause.
Hydatidiform moles should be taken as premalignant lesions because 15-20% of complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) and 1% of partial hydatidiform moles (PHMs) undergo malignant transformation into invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, or, in rare cases, placental-site trophoblastic tumors.
On ultrasound, complete molar pregnancy can be detected as early as eight or nine weeks of pregnancy, but it may show: No embryo or fetus.
Diagnosis. Mostly, doctors can diagnose a hydatidiform mole shortly after it forms. Hydatidiform mole can be suspected based on symptoms, such as a uterus that is much larger than expected and a vaginal discharge of grapelike tissue. A pregnancy test is done.
Complete molar pregnancies have only placental parts (there is no baby) and form when the sperm fertilizes an empty egg. Because the egg is empty, no baby is formed. The placenta grows and produces the pregnancy hormone, hCG. Unfortunately, an ultrasound will show that there is no fetus, only a placenta.
A molar pregnancy can have serious complications — including a rare form of cancer — and requires early treatment.
The measurement of high hCG levels of more than 100,000 mIU/mL suggests the diagnosis of a complete molar pregnancy, especially when associated with vaginal bleeding, uterine enlargement, and abnormal ultrasound findings.
What happens if Pregnant occurs right after a molar pregnancy?
They usually do this about 6 to 8 weeks after any pregnancy, including miscarriage. Most women (more than 98%) who become pregnant after a molar pregnancy will not have another molar pregnancy. There is also no increased risk of complications in future pregnancies.
A molar pregnancy can usually be diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound, which can show the presence of cysts in the uterus. A complete mole pregnancy may be easier to detect by ultrasound than a partial mole pregnancy. A woman will also be given a blood test to measure her levels of hCG.
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